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Logical Reasoning

Verbal and analytical reasoning for Bank/SSC, CAT LR and placement tests, with methods for the most common question types.

Practise Logical Reasoning →Formula sheet

Topics

Tap a topic to practise just that topic. Tags show which exams it suits best. For CAT-style sets, see the CAT track.

Syllogisms 6 Qs

All / Some / No statements, Venn method

Bank-SSC

Seating Arrangement 5 Qs

Linear and circular

CAT + Bank-SSC

Blood Relations 5 Qs

Family trees and coded relations

Bank-SSC

Coding-Decoding 5 Qs

Letter shifts, number and word codes

Bank-SSC

Puzzles 5 Qs

Floor and matching puzzles

CAT + Bank-SSC

Direction Sense 5 Qs

Distance and final direction

Bank-SSC

Number & Letter Series 6 Qs

Find the pattern

Bank-SSC

Odd One Out 5 Qs

Classification

Bank-SSC

Clocks & Calendars 6 Qs

Angles, odd days

Bank-SSC

Alphabet Test 5 Qs

Letter positions and ordering

Bank-SSC

Inequalities 5 Qs

Direct inequalities with conclusions

Bank-SSC

Ranking & Order 5 Qs

Positions in a row, comparisons

Bank-SSC

Concept note

Syllogisms: use Venn diagrams

Draw the smallest diagram that fits every statement. A conclusion follows only if it is true in every possible diagram.

  • All A are B: circle A sits inside circle B. It also implies Some B are A.
  • Some A are B: the circles overlap. It implies Some B are A.
  • No A is B: the circles don't touch. It implies No B is A.
💡 "Some A are not B" never follows from "Some A are B" on its own. Look for a statement that rules it out.

Seating arrangement

Fix the most definite clue first, such as "X is in the middle" or "Y is at an end". In a row facing north, the person's right is your right. In a circle facing the centre, left is clockwise.

Blood relations

Draw a family tree. Use + for male and − for female, horizontal lines for siblings and spouses, and vertical lines for generations. Break long chains like "my father's father's only son" from the end backwards.

Formula & rules sheet

8 topics · 26 formulas and rules. Tap a topic to open or close it.

Syllogisms5
  • All A are B ⇒ Some B are AConversion. It does not give 'All B are A'.
  • Some A are B ⇒ Some B are A
  • No A is B ⇒ No B is A
  • All A are B + No B is C ⇒ No A is C
  • 'Some' + 'No' on the same two terms ⇒ Either I or IIUse this only when neither conclusion follows on its own.
Coding & Alphabet4
  • A = 1, B = 2, … , Z = 26
  • k-th from the right = (27 − k)-th from the left
  • E J O T Y = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25Anchors for finding letter positions quickly.
  • Mirror letters: A↔Z, B↔Y, … (positions add to 27)
Clocks & Calendars5
  • Angle = |30H − 5.5M|°If the result is over 180°, subtract it from 360° to get the smaller angle.
  • Hands together at (60H / 11) min past HBetween H and H + 1 o'clock. E.g. H = 4 gives 21 9/11 min.
  • Hands coincide 11 times in 12 hoursOnce every 65 5/11 minutes.
  • Odd days: normal year = 1, leap year = 2
  • Leap year: divisible by 4 (century years: by 400)
Direction Sense3
  • Right turns: N → E → S → W → NLeft turns go the other way.
  • Distance = √(x² + y²)x = net east–west, y = net north–south.
  • Morning shadow → west, evening shadow → eastThe sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
Ranking & Order2
  • Total = L + R − 1L = position from the left (or top), R = position from the right (or bottom).
  • From right = Total − L + 1
Inequalities3
  • A > B ≥ C ⇒ A > CSigns pointing the same way chain together.
  • A ≥ B ≥ C ⇒ A ≥ C
  • A > B < C ⇒ A, C cannot be comparedOpposite signs break the chain.
Series2
  • Check: differences → ratios → squares/cubes → n(n + 1) → ×2 ± 1A good order to test patterns.
  • Primes: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29 …
Blood Relations2
  • + male, − female, = couple, | next generationSymbols for drawing a family tree.
  • Read chains from the endE.g. 'my father's father's only son' = my father.

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